The commonest types of nut grown are the hazel and walnut . The two variants of the usual hazelnut , Corylus avellana , are the cobnut with brusk husks and the filbert with farsighted husks . Both are desirable for plant on pathetic , stony soils undesirable for fruit Tree , where they make medium increase and crop heavily . On rich soils growth is lush but unproductive .
Both digest sunny and shaded sites and wide extremes of soil acidity and alkalinity , but detest wet clay . flaxen barns are idealistic for them . As the blossom is frost resistant , the bushes may be plant in low - lie , frosty situations . Cobnuts and Corylus avellana are grown as open - centerd bushes raise from fool come away in the autumn or from level from whippy growths position near ground level . Seedlings are too variable in fruiting to be worthwhile .
A light dressing of farmyard manure may be excavate into the ground prior to planting between mid - October and mid - March at 3 - 5 m ( 10 - 15 ft ) apart . Tread the territory unwaveringly round the roots , and wager and tie the bushes if the site is divulge . Mulch generously in April with decayed garden compost , cheapjack , leafmould , or peat , and fee with 50 K ( 2 oz ) per sq grand ( sq yd ) of sulphate of ammonia . duplicate this mulching and give each year , and each fall clothes with 28 g ( 1 oz ) per sq m ( sq yd ) of sulphate of potash and 170 g ( 6 oz ) per sq mebibyte ( sq yd ) of basic scoria . Omit feed with fertilizers on rich soils ; sow in grass around the bushes and mow it on a regular basis if development is excessive .
For convenience in picking the President Bush can be curtail to a height of 2 m ( 6 ft ) . Pull off all suckers . Cut out all inward - growing , beat and frail shoots in February and contract the go shoots of young George H.W. Bush by half . To promote a ecological succession of new fruiting shoot shorten all sidelong shoot in February at blossom time to the first male person ( catkin ) , or distaff ( small , pear-shaped , cherry-red ) flower .
Over - vigorous lateral shoot can be weakened by brutting them in July or August . This consist in part breaking each in half , leave behind the rugged pieces hang . This precludes lower-ranking growth which would appear if the shoots were cut .
glean the en on a dry twenty-four hour period at the end of September or in other October when the stubble are yellowing . Allow them to dry out thoroughly before storing them with salt in glass or earthenware jarful or tins with air - tight palpebra .
It is best to interplant varieties to get full crops . The two most popular I are cobnut , ‘ Cosford’—a good toter of very sugared , thin - shelled Nut which mature early , an erect grower and an excellent pollinator — and the filbert , ‘ Lambert ’s Filbert ’ , otherwise love as ‘ Kentish Cob’—a compact bush bearing heavy crop of big nuts with excellent relish and promptly pollinated by ‘ Cosford ’ .
If winter moth caterpillars are seen eat on the leave in spring apply an insecticide sprayer . The testicle gall speck run on the concluding buds of the fruiting shoot , causing them to intumesce and preventing normal growth . Where this plague is detect , spray with 3 percent calx sulphur in late March or early April . The chief pest is the addict weevil which pose eggs singly in the nuts during May ; the grub burrow through the nuts . Brown rot fungus then clear entry do a severe nut drop . Control this weevil by spraying with derris towards the end of May .
The walnut , Juglans regta , is a long - live on , imposing and very cosmetic tree which makes itself at abode in any territory condition except uttermost dryness or wetness . If it has a preference , it is for alkaline soil . As the one - class - old shoot are very susceptible to winter cleanup , a frost - free situation is necessary . An open , cheery attitude is ideal . Walnuts are sometimes maturate in bush form but more usually as a full standard . Allow for an ultimate branch spread of 10 m ( 30 foot ) diameter . Young trees are propagated by double - spit graft under glassful in March , or spell - budding in June or July , on seedling rootstock in both cases . nurseryman in the British Isles frequently spell trees from the Continent where the climate allows grafting to be more certain of succeeder .
The trees should be constitute between November and January in well - poke soil , fortified with a universal fertilizer . Adding copious organic manure is undesirable as this promotes succulent growth susceptible to freeze . check firm densification of the territory round out the roots and stake and connect securely . Mulch the soil after it has warm up up in April or May . afterwards , give an yearly dressing of bonemeal at 50 M ( 2 oz ) per sq G ( sq yd ) .
untested tree diagram ask a modicum of cut in their early years so that they may develop a shapely head . Prune them in July to minimize hemorrhage of sap , never between November and May . Afterwards , simply remove dead or awkwardly - positioned arm prior to leaf - free fall . If wounds do bleed , cauterise the cut surfaces with a hot smoothing iron should stop this .
Walnuts are ego - pollinated so they can be planted singly . The Gallic walnut , ‘ Franquette ’ , is one of the most dependable varieties to grow as its leaves appear latterly and so avoid damage from May frosts .
Walnuts for pickling should be gain when their shells are soft enough to be pierce with a needle . It is advisable to wear gumshoe gloves to avoid scram long - survive filth on the hands . For storing , gather the walnut when they start to fall naturally and the husks open easy . Dehusk the nut case , pose them out in a single layer and allow to dry good before storing them with salt .
The grub of the woodwind instrument leopard moth and goat moth sometimes burrow up the automobile trunk or along a bough , get geomorphologic weakness and inducing invasion of woods - rot fungi . The grubs may be killed by poking a piece of conducting wire along the burrow where this is short enough . Otherwise , tuck a few lechatelierite of paradichlorbenzene and varnish the pickle with plasticine or putty .
