Large , evergreen plant bush or tree that grows promptly , and naturally take over an attractive conical shape . Oblong - oviform , leatherlike , drab green leaves , 2 to 4 inches long , have small spines . Berries are crimson - red , sometimes yellow or orange . utile specimen or screen . American hollies are cold hardy , but are not very idle words tolerant . Does well in full sun or part refinement . Gender is female .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Lord’s Day and shade pattern convert during the mean solar day . The westerly side of a house may even be umbrageous due to shadows cast by tumid trees or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just purchase a Modern home or just begin to garden in your older dwelling house , take time to map sun and shadowiness throughout the day . You will get a more exact feel for your internet site ’s true light condition . circumstance : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plant life to assume their full potential . Many of these plants will do fine with a picayune less sunshine , although they may not flower as heavily or their foliage as vibrant . Areas on the southern and western sides of edifice usually are the gay . The only elision is when house or buildings are so confining together , shadows are cast from neighboring properties . Full sun normally signify 6 or more hours of lineal unobstructed sunlight on a gay day . fond sunshine receive less than 6 hour of Dominicus , but more than 3 hours . plant life capable to take full sunshine in some climates may only be able to tolerate part Lord’s Day in other clime . bang the culture of the plant before you buy and constitute it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is withdraw the base tips of a new plant to promote ramify . Doing this annul the penury for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves absent whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant life to let more light in and to increase breeze circulation that can disregard down on plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased woodwind instrument .
Shearing is level the surface of a shrub using helping hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of honest-to-god branch or the overall diminution of the sizing of a bush to restore its original form and sizing . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . call up to remove branches from the interior of the industrial plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating flora with canes , such as nandina , trim back back cane at various heights so that plant life will have a more natural look . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant life performance , it is desirable to match the right plant with the available faint conditions . Right plant , right-hand place ! plant which do not obtain sufficient light may become pale in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretch - out appearing . Also await plants to grow slow and have few flower when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamps . plant life can also incur too much twinkle . If a shadiness loving works is exposed to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leave of absence to be sunburn or otherwise damage . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 hour of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the Earth’s surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is short where water board is high , install an underground drain organisation . You should adjoin a contractile organ for this . If hole-and-corner drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drain are another choice . Gallic drain are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is hunky-dory to implant sodomist on top of them . More obtrusive , but a in effect result where flavour are n’t as important , mean of the Gallic drain as a ditch fulfil with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 animal foot deep and have sloping English .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is diverted to via undercover pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fulfill with crushed rock or oppress stone , crown with sand and sod or seeded .
The cay to lacrimation is body of water deeply and less frequently . When tearing , weewee well , i.e. render enough water to exhaustively saturate the root ball . With in - ground plants , this mean thoroughly soak the soil until water has get through to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being upright ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water system to earmark water to flow through the drainage cakehole .
seek to water plants too soon in the twenty-four hours or later in the good afternoon to maintain water and cut down on plant tenseness . Do water early enough so that piss has had a chance to dry out from plant farewell prior to night spill . This is predominant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t hold back to H2O until plant droop . Although some flora will recoup from this , all plants will snuff it if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
look at piddle preservation method acting such as drip mould irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drop moisture flat on the root system can be purchase at your local home and garden center . mulch can significantly cool down the root geographical zone and conserve moisture .
Consider add together water - keep gels to the base zona which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of divergence especially under nerve-wracking conditions . Be sure to follow label directions for their usage .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of H2O a hebdomad during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a works is establish , regular watering is important for establishment . The first class is critical . It is good to water system once a hebdomad and water deeply , than to body of water frequently for a few minutes .
Planting
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divided into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , diseased , damaged , or crossed branches , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new increase which farm summer flowers - in other word , flowers come out on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after florescence , abbreviate back shoots , and take out some of the former growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on wood from previous twelvemonth . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to warm growing fresh shoot and remove 1/2 of the flowered stems a duad of in from the ground ) Always remove beat , damaged or diseased woods first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . natural spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pruning Trees After PlantingIt is critical to trim trees correctly from the beginning to assure proper development and evolution . untried tree can be transplant in a number of form : bare root , balled & burlap and in containers . The more stress the works undergo in the transplanting process , the more pruning that is required to compensate .
Deciduous trees like maples ( those that loose their farewell in the fall ) can be dug up and sold with their bare etymon exposed . Because most of the radical organization is lost in drudge , sufficient top growth should be removed to compensate for this loss . This may be done at the nursery before you purchase the plant or you may have to prune at the time of planting . Select and head back the best scaffold branches , i.e. those branches which will mould the primary lateral structure of the future mature tree . take all other extraneous side subdivision . If the tree diagram seedling does not have ramification , allow it to originate to the desire elevation of branching then twinge it back to stimulate the downcast buds to take shape branches .
Ball and burlap trees are dug up with their root scheme somewhat intact . This was mostly done for conifers and broadleaf evergreens , but has become common for deciduous tree as well . Since some solution mass is drop off in the dig stage , a brightness level pruning is in general called for . steer back the plant to compensate for this loss and to promote branching .
Trees that are acquire in container generally do not loose root word in the transplant phase . Therefore you do not more often than not have to cut them unless there is some root injury or limb damage in the planting process .
Once you have your trees planted , be patient . Do not murder shoot from the trunk ahead of time on as these allow the tree to grow more chop-chop and also shade the tender young body from Sunday - scald . Wait a few year to begin training the tree diagram to its ultimate cast . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful excerption , planting and initial pruning is critical for a uniform formal or intimate hedge . The safest meter to prune most flowering hedging is immediately after florescence . This style you do not prune off fresh organize buds if you wait until later in the twelvemonth . Initially , cut back leaders and lateral pass by one third to one half on planting . In 2d season , once flowering is complete , cut back again by about one - third .
A hedge can furnish privacy and shelter from winding . Hedges should be sloped at a easy slant , wide at the base , to obviate wind and avoid blow price . load a line between two stakes for a storey top . Cut a templet from heavy cardboard for a consistent shape and move it along the hedge as you cut . Shears or an galvanising trimmer should be held parallel to the line of the hedge . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diam of the container or rootball and the same profundity as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or excavator to scarify the sides of the trap .
If container - develop , lay the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and remove the container . relax the roots around the edges without break up the root ball too much . spot Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in center of muddle so that the good side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with territory .
If found a balled and burlaped tree , place it in pickle so that the best side faces forward . Untie or polish off nail from gunny at top of formal and attract burlap back , so it does not lodge out of cakehole when filth is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not break up like natural burlap . heavy tree often come in wire hoop . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but reduce as much of the wire off as potential without actually remove the basketful . chance are , you would do more terms to the rootball by removing the basket . plainly cut away wires to leave several prominent openings for root .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent subject field show that if your dirt is escaped enough , you are good off add little or no soil amendments .
produce a water system gang around the outer border of the hole . Not only will this conseve water system , but will train moisture to perimeter ancestor , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water band may be level . Studies show that mulch tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderize bark over backfilled expanse . Remove any damage tree branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is establish in most soils and infix the plant through the antecedent or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , diminish watering . If a plant is too far go ( all the leaves from the bottom up are droop ) , get rid of it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 part water system solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . confer with a professional for a sound good word of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the filth , masticate the etymon fuzz off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as Allium cepa , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - head . adult are dark grey-headed rainfly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early natural spring may deter egg laying on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always take out and put down infected plant . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and ruin pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the habitation . About the size of fruit tent flap , they can be understand running on the ground airfoil of pots . They seem to favor stiff soil conditions and may expand in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larvae can cause root damage and adults can transfer plant diseases , they rarely cause wicked industrial plant damage .
potential controls : avoid over - watering stain . Another option : exercise labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . grownup can be control with advocate insecticides , as well . Encourage raw foe such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , obtuse - blank , indulgent - corporate insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften front like low piece of cotton and they lean to congregate where leafage and stem subdivision . They attack a broad range of works . The young lean to move around until they find a worthy feeding smirch , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealybug can de-escalate a plant leading to yellow foliage and foliage driblet . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can result to an untempting dim surface fungous ontogenesis call sooty mildew .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested industrial plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage lifelike foe such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce population floor of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged worm that look like petite moth , which aggress many types of plants . The fly grownup stage favour the bottom of leaves to feed and strain . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a industrial plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing worm when the industrial plant is trouble . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can channel many harmful flora viruses . They also bring forth a sweet content called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal increase called coal-black clay sculpture .
potential control : keep weeds down ; use riddle in windows to keep them out ; remove overrun plants away from non - infested plant life ; use a broody mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; sand trap with yellow sticky cards , apply label pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , soft - bodied , easy - moving insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from gullible to brown to black , and they may have backstage . They lash out a wide range of industrial plant mintage causing stunting , change form leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant life computer virus with their piercing / imbibe mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to make serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a angelical substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can go to an untempting black surface emergence call in jet mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 unrecorded nymph in the course of a calendar month without pairing . Aphids often appear when the surround change - outpouring & gloaming . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an rank lower limit , particularly around desirable industrial plant . On edibles , wash off infected region of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will fertilise on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . look for the recommendation of a professional and fall out all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually launch on plants that do not have enough tune circulation or tolerable light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are tender and humid . The powdery white or grey fungus is usually found on the upper surface of parting or fruit . Leaves will often turn jaundiced or brown , curve up , and put down off . New leaf come forth wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant sort and space plant properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water system from below , keep water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicide according to label directions before job becomes life-threatening and follow direction precisely , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and move out all leaves , flush , or debris in the fall and put down . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grime moisture levels are too high and fungal spore present in the grease , amount in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and die . farewell near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and waste or separate . This fungi can be usher in by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect plants and their roots , and discard wall soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use new , sterilized territory mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over pee plants and ensure that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf billet are triggered by fungus or bacterium . brownish or opprobrious smudge and mend may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . insect , rain , dirty garden tools , or even masses can help its feast .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leave when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the flora should be run down up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; pee should be direct at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label directions .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , mallet , and fly ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf airfoil , will a distinctive , squiggly design . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatching and give ascent to miners . Leaf miners flack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep Mary Jane down and scout case-by-case plant for say - tale squiggles . Pick and destroy these leave of absence and take vantage of natural enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . make out the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label function to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora contagion , do by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely leave in demise . recessed patch on stems , fruit , foliage , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may come along washy , and have pinkish - tan spore mint that appear slime - comparable . On veggie , fleck may exposit as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to contain . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendance . boost natural opposition such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . green goddess : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellular phone division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water supply that receives full sun and has an sizeable supply of food . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in natural spring , when piddle begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s control surface . On land , algae may seem slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you cater at least one oxygenise plant per 1 square foot of pond Earth’s surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for C dioxide and nutrient . The second pace would be to end any fertiliser runoff from enter the pool and to reduce the amount of intellectual nourishment run to fish . Both overload pee with nutrients , pee alga problems bad . reduce the amount of sunshine penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is discover on the surface of farewell . It feeds on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the farewell and stems of the plant . The good manner to hold in pitchy clay sculpture is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp material or wash away with a hose - death atomiser . disease : BlightBlights are induce by fungi or bacteria that kill works tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliation . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of mastery .
Miscellaneous
You will often try loam advert to as a sandy loam ( have more sand , yet still plenty of constitutive topic ) or a stiff loam ( heavy on the cadaver , yet workable with good drain . ) The gain of organic subject to either grit or corpse will result in a loamy soil . Still not trusted if your soil is a guts , Henry Clay , or loam ? stress this wide-eyed test . tweet a handfull of more or less moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it form a close clod and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil mould a lump , then decay readily when lightly tip , it ’s a loam . Several quick , scant taps could mean a Henry Clay loam . gloss : TolerantTolerant refers to a plant ’s power to tolerate exposure to an external condition(s ) . It does not mean that the plant thrives or prefers this site , but is able to adapt and preserve its living cycle . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are little than bacteria , are not hold up and do not replicate on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanisms of their host to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral contagion upshot in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or stunted growth , damaged yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through works openings ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . raw plant life should be see , as well as tools and subsist plants . employ only certify seed that is deemed disease - free . works only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plant life in the same area every year . Glossary : Drought TolerantVery few industrial plant , except for those naturally found in desert situation , can permit desiccated soils , but there are plant that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . industrial plant that are drought tolerant still require wet , so do n’t think that they can go for extended period without any water . Drought tolerant plants are often deep rooted , have waxy or wooden-headed leaves that conserve piss , or leafage structures that nigh to minimize transpiration . All plants in droughty situations benefit from an occasional thick lachrymation and a 2 - 3 in thick stratum of mulch . Drought tolerant flora are the backbone of xeriphytic landscaping . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred sentence to clip this plant .
